МІЖНАРОДНІ ТОВАРНІ РИНКИ: ЛІБЕРАЛІЗМ ПРОТИ ДИРИЖИЗМУ (АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОГЛЯДІВ ДЖ. М. КЕЙНСА)

Автор(и)

  • Карл Волмут

Ключові слова:

Глобальне управління, «Програма прозорості», «Програма структурних реформ».

Анотація

Здійснено порівняння слабких та сильних форм глобального управління сировинними ринками шляхом зіставлення «Програми прозорості» й «Програми структурних реформ». Зазначено, що Дж. М. Кейнс тривалий час науково досліджував товарні ринки, спекуляцію і запаси, ринки форвард та буферні запаси тощо. Вказано, що також він практикував комерційну торгівлю на різних товарних ринках і в післявоєнний період долучився до розробки ICU / ITO (Міжнародного клірингового союзу / Міжнародної торгової організації), які містять детальні положення про створення глобального управління на товарних ринках. Наголошено, що цей вчений дуже зацікавився вивченням зв’язку між ціновою нестабільністю сировини та її впливом на глобальну макроекономіку, але він також доводив, що належне регулювання товарнихринків і секторів позитивно вплине на загальну стабільність та розвиток у світі. Уточнено, що Дж. М. Кейнс обґрунтував, що сильне глобальне управління має базуватися на простих, чітких, ефективних, узгоджених і обов’язкових правилах. Наголошено, що у контексті сировини «Програма прозорості» обговорюється часто, але вона є доволі слабкою формою глобального управління, тоді як «Програма структурних реформ» представляє доволі сильну форму глобального управління ресурсними секторами. Зауважено, що «Програма прозорості» докладно розглядається в цій статті, а «Програма структурних реформ» - у розділі «Висновки та перспективи», але вона потребує подальшої розробки у наступній статті.

Біографія автора

Карл Волмут

 докт. екон. наук, професор, м. Бремен, Німеччина.

Посилання

Список використаної літератури

Acosta, Andres Mejia, 2010, Review of Impact and Effectiveness of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives: Annex 4, Natural Resource Governance, Prepared for the Transparency and Accountability Initiative Workshop, October 14-15, 2010, Brighton, Sussex, IDS / Institute of Development Studies, October 2010, 18 p.; Web Access : http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/ IETAAnnex4NatResGovMejiaAcostaFinal28Oct2010.pdf.

ADB / African Development Bank / IACC / International Anti-Corruption Conference, 2010, Fuelling Transparency and Accountability in the Natural Resources and Energy Markets, by Alexandra Gillies, 14Th International AntiCorruption Conference, 10-13 November 2010, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 p.; Web Access : http://14iacc.org/wp-content/uploads/AlexandraGillesNatural ResourcesIACC.pdf.

African Development Bank (AfDB) / Development Centre Of The Organization For Economic Co-operation And Development (OECD) / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) / United Nations Economic Commission For Africa (UNECA), 2013, African Economic Outlook 2013, Special Theme: Structural Transformation and Natural Resources, Paris : OECD Publishing 2012, 357 р.; Web Access : http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/.

African Development Bank (AfDB) / Development Centre Of The Organization For Economic Co-operation And Development (OECD) / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) / United Nations Economic Commission For Africa (UNECA), 2012, African Economic Outlook 2012, Special Theme: Promoting Youth Employment, Paris : OECD Publishing, 2012, 291 p.; Web Access (with detailed Country Notes): http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/.

Argandona, Antonio, 2006, The United Nations Convention Against Corruption And Its Impact On International Companies, Working Paper, WP no. 656, October 2006, IESE Business School, University of Navarra, «la Caixa» Chair of Corporate Responsibility and Corporate Governance, 22 p.; Web Access : http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0656-E.pdf.

Badal, Lionel, 2012, Managing Risks in the Extractive Industries, African Arguments, October 25, 2012, Web Access : http://africanarguments.org/ 2012/ 10/25/managing-risks-in-the-extractive-industries-%E2%80%93-by-lionel-badal/.

Bass, Hans-Heinrich, 2012, Welternahrung in der Krise, GIGA Focus Global, Nummer 5, 2012, Hamburg : GIGA, 8 p.

Bernstein, Shai / Josh Lerner / Antoinette Schoar, 2013, The Investment Strategies of Sovereign Wealth Funds, p. 219-238, in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 27, № 2, Spring 2013.

BGR / Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2010, Certified Trading Chains in Mineral Production, Project Outline and Status, Hannover : BGR May 2010, 9 p.; Web Access : http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/ Min_rohstoffe/Down loads/CT C-update-Mai2010.pdf? blob=publication Fi le&v= 1.

Bleischwitz, Raimund, 2009, International Raw Materials Markets: Rising Prices and Growing Conflict Potential, p. 65-78, in: GLOBAL TRENDS 2007 - VULNERABILITY AND HUMAN SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY, Tobias Debiel et al., eds., Foundation for Development and Peace (SEF) : Bonn, 2006; Web Access : http://www.sef-bonn.org/fileadmin/Die_SEF/ Pub-likationen/Globale_Trends/gt_2007_raw-materials_en.pdf.

Bleischwitz, Raimund / Stefan Bringezu, 2007, Global Resource Management, Conflict Potential and Characteristics of a Global Governance Regime, Policy Paper 27, Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden / Development And Peace Foundation, Bonn : SEF, 2007, 12 p.; Web Access : http://base.socioeco.org/ docs/sef-pp-27-end-en.pdf.

BGR / Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2013, The Analytical Fingerprint (AFP), Method and Application, Process Manual, Version 1.3, Hannover / Bujumbura: BGR, January 2013, 47 p.; Web Access : http://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Min_rohstoffe/CTC/Downloads/AFP_ Manual.pdf? blob=publicationFile&v=6.

Bryan, Shari / Barrie Hofmann, Eds., 2007, Transparency and Accountability In Africa’s Extractive Industries: The Role Of The Legislature, Washington D. C. : National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, 2007, 107 p.; Web Access : http://www.ndi.org/files/2191_extractive_080807.pdf.

Carabelli, Anna M. / Mario A. Cedrini, 2012, Some Foreseeable Disasters Of The Global Economy: The high Cost Of Neglecting Keynes’s Approach, Department of Economics, «S. Cognetti de Martiis», Centro di Studi sulla Storia e I Metodi dell’ Economia Politica «Claudio Napoleoni» (CESMEP), Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 01/2012, Universita di Torino, 24 p.; Web Access : http://www.cesmep.unito.it/WP/2012/1_WP_Cesmep.pdf.

Carisch, Enrico / Loraine Rickard-Martin, 2013, Sanctions and the Effort to Globalize Natural Resources Governance, International Policy Analysis, FES New York, January 2013, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 14 p.; Web Access : http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/09578.pdf.

Cavalli, Nicolo / Carlo Cristiano, 2012, Keynes’s speculation in the London tin market: 1921-1930, p. 57ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1ZMPRA_paper_44131 .pdf.

CFS (Committee on World Food Security) / FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 2012, Voluntary Guidelines On The Responsible Governance of Tenure Of Land, Fisheries And Forests In The Context Of National Food Se-curity, Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations 2012, 48 p.; Web Access : http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2801e/i2801e.pdf.

Chatham House, 2012, Resources Futures, A Chatham House Report by Bernice Lee / Felix Preston / Jaakko Kooroshy / Rob Bailey and Glada Lahn, Chatham House, London : Royal Institute of International Affairs, December 2012, 234 p.; Web Access : http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/ files/public/Research/Energy,%20Environment%20and%20Development/121 2r_resourcesfutures. pdf.

Cifarelli, Giulio / Paolo Paesani, 2012, A new test of the theory of storage comparing historical and contemporary data, pp. 151ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/ MPRA_paper_44131 .pdf.

Cristiano, Carlo / Nerio Naldi, 2012, Keynes’s activity on the cotton market and the theory of the «normal backwardation»: 1921-1929, p. 25ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MP RA_paper_44131.pdf.

Cristiano, Carlo / Paolo Paesani, 2012, Kaldor and the relationship between «normal backwardation» and the theory of storage, p. 129ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/ MPRA_paper_44131 .pdf.

Darby, Sefton, 2010, Natural resource governance, New frontiers in transparency and accountability, London : Transparency & Accountability Initiative, 2010, 69 p.; Web Access : http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/ uploads/2011/05/natural_resources_final1 .pdf.

De Schutter, Olivier, 2010, Food Commodities Speculation and Food Price Crises, Regulation to reduce the risks of price volatility, Briefing Note 02 -September 2010, United Nations Human Rights Council / UN Special Rapporteur on The Right To Food; Web Access : http://www.srfood.org/ im-ages/stories/pdf/otherdocuments/20102309_briefing_note_02_en_ok.pdf.

DIHK / Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer / DERA / Deutsche Rohstof-fagentur, 2012, DERA-Chart Des Monats, Zertifizierung mineralischer Rohstoffe in der Rohstofflieferkette, DIHK / DERA Oktober 2012; Web Access : http://www.heilbronn.ihk.de/ihkhnenergie/dachmarken.aspx?tabID=0&msgID=1107.

Drache, Daniel, 2000, «The Short but Significant Life of the International Trade Organization: Lessons for Our Time», CSGR Working Paper No. 62/00, November 2000, Centre For The Study Of Globalisation And Re-gionalisation, University Of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 43 р.; Web Access : http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9491/1/The%20Short %20But%20Significant%20Life%20of%20the%20International%20Trade%20 Organization%20%20Lessons%20For%20Our%20Time.pdf?1.

Ebertz, Utz / Marie Muller, 2013, Legacy of a resource-fueled war: The role of generals in Angola’s mining sector, BICC Focus 12, June 2013, Bonn : BICC, 17 p.; Web Access : http://www.bicc.de/uploads/tx_bicctools/BICC_FOCUS_12.pdf.

Fantacci, Luca, 2012, Keynes’s commodity and currency plans for the postwar world, in: Marcuzzo, еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MP RA_paper_44131.pdf.

Foresti, Tiziana / Eleonora Sanfilippo, 2012, An analysis of Keynes’s investments in the wheat futures markets: 1925-1935, p. 79ff, in: Marcuzzo, еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MPRA_ pa-per_44131.pdf.

George, Susan, 2007, Alternative Finances, The World Trade Organisation We Could Have Had, in: Le Monde Diplomatique, English Edition, 2007/01/03; Web Access : http://mondediplo.com/2007/01/03economy.

Global Witness, 2012, Financing A Parallel Government? The involvement of the secret police and military in Zimbabwe’s diamond, cotton and property sectors, June 2012, Global Witness, 33 p.; Web Access : http://www.globalwitness.org/sites/default/files/library/Financing_a_parallel_ government_Zi m babwe.pdf.

Horsefield, J. Keith, Ed., 1969, The International Monetary Fund 1945-1965, Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation, Vol. III: Documents, Washington, D. C. : International Monetary Fund, 1969, 42 p.; Web Access : http://www.imsreform.org/reserve/pdf/keynesplan.pdf.

ICGLR (International Conference on the Great Lakes Region) News Bulletin July 2013, p. 7 on a regional certificate on the origin of minerals in DRC; Web Access : https://icglr.org/IMG/pdf/July_Bulletin_ENG2.pdf.

IFPRI / International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013, Global Food Policy Report 2012, Washington D. C. : IFPRI, 2013, Ch. 8; Web Access : http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/gfpr2012.pdf.

INRA / CIRAD, 2009, Agrimonde, Scenarios and Challenges for Feeding the World in 2050, Summary Report, Paris : INRA / CIRAD, December 2009; Web Access : PDF CIRAD, http://www.cirad.fr.

IWG (International Working Group Of Sovereign Wealth Funds), 2008, Sovereign Wealth Funds, Generally Accepted Principles and Practices - «Santi-ago Principles», Washington D. C. : October 2008, 59 p.; Web Access : http://www.iwg-swf.org/pubs/eng/santiagoprinciples.pdf.

Kufuor (Former President of Ghana) Speech 2013, Web Access : http://www.acme-ug.org/news/item/489-former-ghanaian-president-kufuor-speaks-on-oil-governance-at-makerere.

Lauster, Gitta / Stormy-Annika Mildner / Wiebke Wodni, 2010, Transparenz im Rohstoffhandel, US-Finanzgesetz soll Handel mit Konfliktressourcen eindammen, SWP-Aktuell 76, November 2010, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut fur Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin : 2010, ISSN 1611-6364, 4 s.; Web Access : http://www.swp-berlin.org/ filead-min/contents/products/aktuell/2010A76_lag_mdn_wodni_ks.pdf.

Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., 2012, Speculation and regulation in commodity markets: The Keynesian approach in theory and practice, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Rapporto Tecnico № 21, 2012, iSsn 2279-7911, 286 p.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MPRA_paper_44131.pdf.

Marcuzzo, M. C., 2012, From speculation to regulation: Keynes and primary commodity markets, p. 3ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MPRA_paper_44131 .pdf.

Mildner, Stormy-Annika / Florian Wassenberg, 2012, Rohstoffreichtum darf nicht langer arm machen, Warum die EU-Mitgliedstaaten strengere Regeln fur die Offenlegung von Zahlungen im Rohstoffsektor unterstutzen sollten, SWP-Aktuell 43, Juli 2012, Berlin : SWP / Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik / Deutsches Institut fur Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, ISSN 1611-6364, 8 s.; Web Access : http://www.swp-berlin.org/ fileadmin/ contents/products/aktuell/2012A43_mdn_wsb.pdf.

NRC (Natural Resource Charter), November 2010, 24 p.; Web Access : http://naturalresourcecharter.org/sites/default/files/nrc_brochure_Nov2010_ Eng.pdf.

OECD, 2013, OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High Risk Areas, Second Edition, Paris : OECD Publishing, 122 p.; Web Access : http://www.oecd.org/ daf/inv/mne/GuidanceEdition2.pdf.

ONE / Transparency International / Misereor / Brot fur die Welt, 2013, Hinter-grundinformation : EU Regulierung zur Steuertransparenz von Erdol-, Erdgas-, Bergbau- und Holzeinschlagsunternehmen, mit Web-Zugang zu den Kom-promisstexten, Web Access : http://www.transparency.de/fileadmin/pdfs/Themen/ Internationales/Hintergrund_EU_Buchhaltungs-Transparenzrichtlinie-Juni_2013.pdf.

Paillard, S. / S. Treyer / B. Dorin, coord., 2011, Agrimonde, Scenarios and Challenges for Feeding the World in 2050, Editions Quae, Paris, 2011.

PWYP (Publish What You Pay), The Cardin-Lugar Amendment (Dodd-Frank 1504), Web Access : www.publishwhatyoupay.org/about/stock-lisitngs/cardin-lugar-amendment-dodd-frank-1504.

Rosselli, Annalisa, 2012, Richard Kahn and the stabilization of commodity prices, p. 207ff, in: Marcuzzo, M. C., еd., op. cit.; Web Access : http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44131/1/MPRA_paper_44131 .pdf.

Ruta, Michele / Anthony J. Venables, 2012, International Trade in Natural Resources: practice and policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division, Staff Working Paper ERSD-2012-07, Date: March 2012, 35 p.; Web Access : http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ ersd201207_e.pdf.

Simons, Bright, 2012, Africa’s Fabulous Mineral Wealth that isn’t ALL there, in: African Arguments, September 18, 2012; Web Access : http://africanarguments.org/ 2012/09/18/africa%E2%80%99s-fabulous-mineral-wealth-that-isnt-all-there-%E2%80%93-by-bright-simons/.

Skidelski, Robert, 2005, Keynes, Globalisation and the Bretton Woods Institutions in the Light of Changing Ideas about Markets, p. 15-30, in: World Economics, Vol. 6, № 1, January-March 2005, 16 p.; Web Access :

http://www.oxonia.org/WE%20articles/WE_skidelsky.pdf.

Sturmer, Martin, 2008, The International Raw Materials Boom, A Challenge for Multilateral Trade Policy, p. 126-139, in: Internationale Politik und Gesell-schaft (IPG), 2, 2008, 14 p.; Web Access : http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/ipg/ ipg-2008-2/09_a_stuermer_gb.pdf.

The Guardian, Datablog, Claire Provost, Facts are sacred, 2012, International land deals: who is investing and where - get the data, Web Access : http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2012/apr.

TNI / Transnational Institute, 2012, The Global Water Grab - A Primer, by Sylvia Kay and Jenny Franco, Amsterdam : TNI, March 2012, 24 p.; Web Access : http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/files/download/watergrabbing primer-altcover2.pdf.

U4 Brief, 2012, Implementing the illicit financial flows agenda: Perspectives from developing countries, U4 Brief, September 2012, № 8, Bergen, Norway : CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute) - U4; Web Access : http://www.u4.no/ publica-tions/illicit-financial-flows-and-measures-to-counter-them-an-introduction/.

UNCTAD / United Nations Conference On Trade And Development, 2007, World Investment Report (WIR) 2007, Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development, New York and Geneva : United Nations, 2007, 323 p.; Web Access : http://unctad.org/en/Docs/wir2007_en.pdf.

UNECOSOC / United Nations Economic And Social Council / ECA / Economic Commission For Africa, 2013, The State of Governance in Africa: The Dimension of Illicit Financial Flows as a Governance Challenge, Third Meeting of the Committee on Governance and Popular Participation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 and 21 February 2013, Document: E/ECA/CGP P/3/2, 18 February 2013, Original: English; Web Access : http://www.uneca.org/ sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/CGPP/cgpp-3_illicit-financial-flow-english_final.pdf.

UNCTE / United Nations Conference On Trade And Employment, 1948, UNCTE held at Havana, Cuba, From November 21, 1947 To March 24, 1948, Final Act And Related Documents, Interim Commission For The International Trade Organization, Lake success, New York, April 1948, 126 p.; Web Access : http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/havana_e.pdf.

UNECOSOC / United Nations Economic And Social Council / ECA / Economic Commission For Africa, 2011, Africa Report on Institutional and Strategic Frameworks for Sustainable Development, Summary for Policy Makers, Seventh Session of the Committee on Food Security and Sustainable Development (CFSSD-7) and the African Regional Preparatory Conference for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-25 October 2011, Document: E/ECA/CfSSD/7/10, August 2011, Original: English, 18 p.; Web Access : http://www.uneca.org/sites/ default/files/uploaded-documents/rio20_15-eastern-africa-summary-for-policy-makers.pdf.

UNEGM / United Nations Expert Group Meeting, 2006, UNEGM on Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: Transforming a Peace Liability into a Peace Asset, Conference Report, 17-19 June 2006, Cairo, Egypt, Organized by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA) in cooperation with the Government of Egypt, 72 p.; Web Access : http://www.un.org/africa/ osaa/reports/ Natural%20Resources%20and%20Conflict%20in%20Africa_%20Cairo%20 Conference%20ReportwAnnexes%20Nov%2017.pdf.

Ussher, Leanne J., 2012, Combining International Monetary Reform with Commodity Buffer Stocks: Keynes, Graham and Kaldor, Draft, December 19, 2012, Economics Department, Queens College, City University of New York, 38 p.; Web Access : http://blog.global-systems-science.eu/wp-content/ uploads/2012/1 1 /ussher_Bancor_19Dec12.pdf.

Wohlmuth, Karl, 2012, Towards A Strategic Framework for Economic Cooperation between Sudan and South Sudan, Sudan Economy Research Group (SERG) Discussion Papers № 40, IWIM / SERG, University of Bremen, Bremen, September 2012, 61 p.; Web Access : http://www.iwim.uni-

bremen.de/Siakeu/Wohlmuth-SERG-40.pdf.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 8 серпня 2018 р.

##submission.downloads##

Опубліковано

08.04.2019

Як цитувати

Волмут, Карл. «МІЖНАРОДНІ ТОВАРНІ РИНКИ: ЛІБЕРАЛІЗМ ПРОТИ ДИРИЖИЗМУ (АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОГЛЯДІВ ДЖ. М. КЕЙНСА)». Журнал європейської економіки, вип. 17, вип. 4, Квітень 2019, с. 363-12, https://jeej.wunu.edu.ua/index.php/ukjee/article/view/1354.

Номер

Розділ

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА ЕКОНОМІКА